Measures dominant aspect for exactly two European coordinates with one method and reports the signed difference and winner where meaningful.

Measures built-up share for exactly two European coordinates with one method and reports the signed difference and winner where meaningful.

Measures cropland share for exactly two European coordinates with one method and reports the signed difference and winner where meaningful.

Measures local depression depth for exactly two European coordinates with one method and reports the signed difference and winner where meaningful.

Measures surface drainage tendency for exactly two European coordinates with one method and reports the signed difference and winner where meaningful.

Measures elevation for exactly two European coordinates with one method and reports the signed difference and winner where meaningful.

Measures grassland share for exactly two European coordinates with one method and reports the signed difference and winner where meaningful.

Measures dominant land-cover class for exactly two European coordinates with one method and reports the signed difference and winner where meaningful.

Measures local relief for exactly two European coordinates with one method and reports the signed difference and winner where meaningful.

Measures maximum slope for exactly two European coordinates with one method and reports the signed difference and winner where meaningful.

Measures mean slope for exactly two European coordinates with one method and reports the signed difference and winner where meaningful.

Measures terrain ruggedness for exactly two European coordinates with one method and reports the signed difference and winner where meaningful.

Measures topsoil bulk density for exactly two European coordinates with one method and reports the signed difference and winner where meaningful.

Measures topsoil cation exchange capacity for exactly two European coordinates with one method and reports the signed difference and winner where meaningful.

Measures topsoil clay for exactly two European coordinates with one method and reports the signed difference and winner where meaningful.

Measures topsoil coarse fragments for exactly two European coordinates with one method and reports the signed difference and winner where meaningful.

Measures topsoil nitrogen for exactly two European coordinates with one method and reports the signed difference and winner where meaningful.

Measures topsoil organic carbon for exactly two European coordinates with one method and reports the signed difference and winner where meaningful.

Measures topsoil ph for exactly two European coordinates with one method and reports the signed difference and winner where meaningful.

Measures topsoil sand for exactly two European coordinates with one method and reports the signed difference and winner where meaningful.

Measures topsoil silt for exactly two European coordinates with one method and reports the signed difference and winner where meaningful.

Measures topsoil texture class for exactly two European coordinates with one method and reports the signed difference and winner where meaningful.

Measures solar orientation index for exactly two European coordinates with one method and reports the signed difference and winner where meaningful.

Measures tree-cover share for exactly two European coordinates with one method and reports the signed difference and winner where meaningful.

Measures water and wetland share for exactly two European coordinates with one method and reports the signed difference and winner where meaningful.

Compares the 60 metre site measurement for dominant aspect with a 1,000 metre local background measured from the same source and reports the deviation.

Compares the 60 metre site measurement for local depression depth with a 1,000 metre local background measured from the same source and reports the deviation.

Compares the 60 metre site measurement for surface drainage tendency with a 1,000 metre local background measured from the same source and reports the deviation.

Compares the 60 metre site measurement for elevation with a 1,000 metre local background measured from the same source and reports the deviation.

Compares the 60 metre site measurement for local relief with a 1,000 metre local background measured from the same source and reports the deviation.

Compares the 60 metre site measurement for maximum slope with a 1,000 metre local background measured from the same source and reports the deviation.

Compares the 60 metre site measurement for mean slope with a 1,000 metre local background measured from the same source and reports the deviation.

Compares the 60 metre site measurement for terrain ruggedness with a 1,000 metre local background measured from the same source and reports the deviation.

Compares the 60 metre site measurement for solar orientation index with a 1,000 metre local background measured from the same source and reports the deviation.

Measures dominant aspect for two to ten named European sites and ranks the observed values with ties preserved.

Measures local depression depth for two to ten named European sites and ranks the observed values with ties preserved.

Measures surface drainage tendency for two to ten named European sites and ranks the observed values with ties preserved.

Measures elevation for two to ten named European sites and ranks the observed values with ties preserved.

Measures local relief for two to ten named European sites and ranks the observed values with ties preserved.

Measures maximum slope for two to ten named European sites and ranks the observed values with ties preserved.

Measures mean slope for two to ten named European sites and ranks the observed values with ties preserved.

Measures terrain ruggedness for two to ten named European sites and ranks the observed values with ties preserved.

Measures topsoil ph for two to ten named European sites and ranks the observed values with ties preserved.

Measures solar orientation index for two to ten named European sites and ranks the observed values with ties preserved.

Built-up-share change measured from ESA WorldCover 2020 v100 and 2021 v200 for the same 250 metre analysis area. The result is observed map-class change, not a causal claim.

Dominant class transition measured from ESA WorldCover 2020 v100 and 2021 v200 for the same 250 metre analysis area. The result is observed map-class change, not a causal claim.

Cropland-share change measured from ESA WorldCover 2020 v100 and 2021 v200 for the same 250 metre analysis area. The result is observed map-class change, not a causal claim.

Grassland-share change measured from ESA WorldCover 2020 v100 and 2021 v200 for the same 250 metre analysis area. The result is observed map-class change, not a causal claim.

Tree-cover-share change measured from ESA WorldCover 2020 v100 and 2021 v200 for the same 250 metre analysis area. The result is observed map-class change, not a causal claim.

Water and wetland-share change measured from ESA WorldCover 2020 v100 and 2021 v200 for the same 250 metre analysis area. The result is observed map-class change, not a causal claim.