Birthday-problem collision odds for random IDs or hash outputs, or the count of items that reaches a target probability.

Turn a title into a URL slug: transliterates accents (é, ß, ø), lowercases, trims and caps length at a word break.

Parse a URL query string into keys and values (repeats grouped) or build one from a JSON object, with duplicates flagged.

Exact fraction and frame duration of 23.976 to 60 fps, and the speed-up and runtime change when converting to another rate.

How many identical boxes fit inside a larger box or crate: best of six orientations in a simple grid, with utilization.

Compare package sizes by price per 100 g, 100 ml or per item across mixed units, ranked with savings.

Remove utm_*, fbclid, gclid, msclkid and other known tracking parameters from a URL and list what was removed.

Cartons per pallet layer and per pallet within a height limit: GMA 48x40, Euro 120x80 or ISO, with weight check.

Cubic metres (CBM) and cubic feet of cartons, air volumetric weight (1:6000) and sea chargeable volume.

Split a URL into scheme, host, port, path, query and fragment per RFC 3986, with warnings. Never fetches the URL.

Convert a domain to punycode (xn--) or back to Unicode label by label per RFC 3492, flagging mixed scripts.

Percent-encode or decode text as URL component, path, query or form data (UTF-8), with byte counts.

Per-unit landed cost from unit price, freight, insurance, duty (FOB or CIF basis), VAT/tax and fees.

Resolve a relative link against a base URL per RFC 3986 section 5, handling ../, ./, //host, ?query and #frag.

Cargo density in kg/m3 and lb/ft3, stowage factor, and whether air (1:6000) or sea freight bills on weight or volume.

Dimensional weight and billable weight for a parcel from its size and actual weight, with an overridable carrier divisor.

Normalize a URL for de-duplication: lowercase scheme/host, drop default port, resolve dot segments, tidy %-escapes.

Cartons per 20GP, 40GP or 40HC container by grid packing and payload limit, with CBM used and what limits the load.

Shamir t-of-n secret sharing maths: qualifying subsets, loss tolerance, recovery and compromise odds. Counts only, no secrets.

File size from video bitrate and duration (MB, GB, GiB), bits per pixel, or the bitrate that hits a target size.