Distance and initial bearing between two coordinates.

Project WGS84 longitude/latitude (degrees) to Web Mercator (EPSG:3857) easting/northing in metres. Latitude is clamped to ±85.0511° (the projection's valid extent).

Convert an MGRS grid reference back to decimal lat/lon on WGS84 (the coordinate of the grid cell's south-west corner at the given precision). Whitespace is ignored; a malformed reference is a clean 400.

Convert a UTM coordinate (zone, hemisphere, easting, northing) back to decimal lat/lon on WGS84.

Encode a coordinate to a geohash and return its bounding box and 8 neighbors.

Un-project Web Mercator (EPSG:3857) easting/northing in metres back to WGS84 longitude/latitude in degrees.

Convert decimal lat/lon to a Military Grid Reference System (MGRS) string on WGS84. Precision is the number of digits per axis (1–5; 5 = 1-metre resolution, default 5).

Parse a coordinate string into decimal lat/lon. Accepts a plain decimal pair ('40.4462, -79.9822') or DMS with hemisphere letters ('40°26'46"N 79°58'56"W'). Anything unrecognized is a clean 400.

Test whether a coordinate falls inside a polygon.

Report the ground resolution (metres per pixel, for 256-px tiles) and the OGC map scale denominator at a zoom level, optionally adjusted for latitude (default equator).

Map a WGS84 coordinate at a given zoom (0..30) to its slippy-map (XYZ / Google / OSM) tile x,y and its Bing quadkey.

Compute the geographic bounding box (west/south/east/north in degrees) of a slippy-map tile z/x/y, plus its Bing quadkey.

Resolve the timezone for a latitude/longitude.

Convert a decimal-degree latitude/longitude to degrees-minutes-seconds, with hemisphere letters and a formatted string for each axis.

Convert decimal lat/lon to a UTM coordinate (zone, latitude band, hemisphere, easting, northing) on WGS84, including the Norway/Svalbard zone exceptions. Defined for latitudes -80..84.